Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Zurich

Prof Dr George Lake

	Institute for Theoretical Physics University of Zürich Winterthurerstr. 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland +41 44 635 6198, Office: 36 L 08 Email

Publications

Refereed Journals:

“Detection of Intergalactic Gas in Distant Rich Clusters”, with R. B. Partridge, Nature, 270, 502–3, 1977; reported in the AIP Publication: What's New in Physics 1977.
“Microwave Search for Ionized Gas in Clusters of Galaxies”, with R. B. Partridge, Astrophysical Journal, 237, 238–49, 1980.
“An Estimate of the Galaxy Covariance Function at Small Scales and Low Luminosities”, with S. Tremaine, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 238, L13–6, 1980.
“Can Galaxy Warps Be Used to Provide Constraints on Halo Properties?”,with J. W.-K. Mark, Nature, 287, 705–6, 1980; reported in Science News, 118, 328, 1980.
“Dynamical Modeling of Elliptical Galaxies I. Analytical Prolate Models”, Astrophysical Journal, 243, 111–20, 1981.
“Dynamical Modeling of Elliptical Galaxies II. Numerical Prolate Models”, Astrophysical Journal, 243, 121–6, 1981.
“The Stability and Masses of Disc Galaxies”, with G. Efstathiou and J. Negroponte, Monthly Notices of the Royal astronomical Society, 199, 1069–88, 1982.
“The Rotation of Elliptical Galaxies: An Application of the Theory of Tidal Torques”, Astrophysical Journal, 264, 408–12, 1983.
“Stellar and Gaseous Dynamics of Triaxial Galaxies”, with Colin Norman, Astrophysical Journal, 270, 51–70, 1983.
“A Successful Survey of HI in Low Luminosity Elliptical Galaxies”, with R. A. Schommer, Astrophysical Journal, 280, 107–16, 1984.
“Kinematical Tests to Determine the Intrinsic Shapes of Galaxies”, by M. Cappacciola and G. Fasano and G. Lake, Monthly Notices of the Royal astronomical Society, 209, 317–34, 1984.
“Mass-to-Light Ratios for Binary Pairs of Dwarf Irregulars”, with R. A. Schommer, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 279, L19–22, 1984; reported in OMNI, 7, 168, 1984.
“Windows on a New Cosmology”, Science, 224, 675–81, 1984, reprinted in Astronomy and Astrophysics, ed. by M. S. Roberts published by Science Press.
“A Kinematical Study of Merger Remnants”, with A. Dressler, Astrophysical Journal, 310, 605–13, 1986.
“The HI Distribution and Kinematics in Four Low Luminosity Ellipticals”, with R. A. Schommer and J. van Gorkom, Astrophysical Journal, 314, 57–69 1987.
“QSO Absorption Line Systems are a Natural Part of Galaxy Formation”, Astrophysical Journal, 327, 99–102, 1987.
“The Self-Enrichment of Globular Clusters”, with S. Morgan, Astrophysical Journal, 339, 171-8, 1988.
The Hubble Sequence Formation Series: reported in the NEWS AND VIEWS column of Nature, 337, 600, 1989.
“Formation of Elliptical Galaxies and Massive Halos”, R. G. Carlberg, G. Lake and C. A. Norman, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 300, L1–4, 1986.
“The Formation of Galaxies II. A Control Parameter for the Hubble Sequence”, with R. G. Carlberg, Astronomical Journal, 96, 1581–6, 1988
“The Formation of Galaxies III. The Formation of the Hubble Sequence”, with R. G. Carlberg, Astronomical Journal, 96, 1587–92, 1988.
“Phase Densities and the Merger Hypothesis”, Astronomical J., 97, 1312-8, 1989.
“The Distribution of Dark Matter in Galaxies, I. Spiral Galaxies”, with L. Feinswog, Astronomical Journal, 98, 166-79, 1989.
“Must the Disk and Halo Dark Matter be Different ?”, Astronomical J., 98, 1554-6, 1989.
“The Distribution of Dark Matter in Galaxies, II. Neutrino Mass Limits”, Astronomical Journal, 98, 1253–69, 1989.
“Dark Matter and the Law of Gravity in IC 1613”, with E. Skillman, Astronomical Journal, 98, 1274–84, 1989.
“Testing Modifications of Gravity”, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 345, L17–9, 1989.
“The Distribution of Dark Matter in the Dwarf Galaxy DDO 170”, with R. A. Schommer and J. van Gorkom, Astronomical Journal, 99, 547–560, 1990.
“The Distribution of Dark Matter in Draco and Ursa Minor”, Monthly Notices of the Royal astronomical Society, 244, 701–9, 1990.
“Detectability of gamma-rays from clumps of dark matter?”, Nature, 346, 39, 1990.
“High Dark Matter Densities and the Formation of Extreme Dwarf Galaxies”, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 356, L43–6. 1990.
“An Empirical Look at the Origin of the Hubble Sequence”, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 364, L1–4, 1990.
“<V/Vmax> and the Detection of Evolving Extraterrestrial Intelligence”, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 33, 357-62, 1992.
“Can the Dark Matter be Million Solar Mass Objects?”, with H.-W. Rix, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 417, L1–4, 1993.
“Black Hole Models for Ursa Minor and Draco”, with N. Strobel, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 424, L83–6, 1994.

The Galaxy Harassment Series:
“On the Destruction and Overmerging of Dark Halos in Dissipationless N-Body Simulations”, with B. Moore and N. Katz, Astrophysical Journal , 457, 455, 1996.
“Galaxy Harassment and the Evolution of Clusters of Galaxies”, with B. Moore, N. Katz, A. Dressler and A. Oemler, Jr, Nature, 379, 613–6. 1996. (cover shown to the right) XX look for full text to link
“The Formation of Quasars in Low Luminosity Hosts via Galaxy Harassment” with B. Moore and N. Katz, Astrophysical Journal, 495. 152-6, 1998.
“Morphological Transformation from Galaxy Harassment" B. Moore and N. Katz, Astrophysical Journal, 495, 139-151, 1998.
“On the Survival and Destruction of Spiral Galaxies in Clusters”, with B. Moore, T. Quinn and J. Stadel, Monthly Notices of the Royal astronomical Society, 304, 465, 1999.
The Galaxy Harassment Movie (28MB)
Press coverage by BBC, NPR, German Public Radio, Associated Press, Science News, Sky &Telescope, SGI homepage and ARSC newsletter.

“The Local Group as a test of cosmological models”, with F. Governato, B. Moore, R. Cen, J. Stadel and T. Quinn, New Astronomy, 2, No. 2, 22 May 1997 (http://www1.elsevier.com/journals/newast/jnl/articles/S1384107697000110/)
“Resolving the Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos”, with B. Moore, F. Governato, T. Quinn and J. Stadel, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 499, L5-8.
“Dark matter halos within clusters”, S. Ghigna, B. Moore, F. Governato, T. Quinn, and J. Stadel, Monthly Notices of the Royal astronomical Society, 300, 146, 1998.
“On the origin of early type galaxies and the evolution of the interaction rate in the field”, with F. Governato, J. P. Gardner, J. Stadel and T. Quinn, Astronomical Journal, 117, 1651, 1999.
“Time stepping N-body simulations", with T. Quinn, N. Katz and J. Stadel, Astrophysical Journal, submitted.
“Cold collapse and the core catastrophe”, with B. Moore, T. Quinn, F. Governato and J. Stadel, Monthly Notices of the Royal astronomical Society, 310, 1147, 1999.
“Dark Matter Substructure within Galactic Halos”, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 524, L19-22, 1999.
“Substructure in Dark Halos: Orbital Eccentricities and Dynamical Friction", with F. van den Bosch, G. Lewis and J. Stadel, Astrophysical Journal, 515, 50, 1999.
“N-point correlations in CDM and Omega CDM Simulations", with I. Szapudi, T. Quinn and J. Stadel, Astrophysical Journal, 517, 54, 1999.
“Properties of Galaxy Clusters: Mass and Correlation Functions" with F. Governato, A. Babul, T. Quinn, P. Tozzi, C. M. Baugh and N. Katz, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 307, 949-66, 1999.
“Dark Matter Substructure in Galactic Halos",with B. Moore, S. Ghigna, F. Governato, T. Quinn, J. Stadel, P. Tozzi, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 542, L19-23, 1999.
“Formation of Proto-Globular Cluster Clouds by Thermal Instability", with H. Kang and D. Ryu, J. Korean Astronomical Soc, 33, 111-21, 2000.
“Direct Large Scale N-Body Simulations of Planetesimal Dynamics", with D. C. Richardson, T. Quinn and J. Stadel, Icarus, 143, 45-59 (and cover graphic show at right—click for movie), 2000.
“ Density Profiles and Substructure of Dark Matter Halos: Converging Results at Ultra-High Numerical Resolution",with S. Ghigna, B. Moore, F. Governato, T. Quinn, J. Stadel, Astrophysical Journal, 544, 616-28, 2000.
“Tidal Stirring and the Origin of Dwarf Spheroidals in the Local Group”, with L. Mayer, F. Governato, M. Colpi, B. Moore, T. Quinn, J. Wadsley and J. Stadel, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 547, L123-6, 2001.
“The Descendants of Lyman Break Galaxies in Galaxy Clusters: Spatial Distribution and Orbital Properties”, with F. Governato, S. Ghigna, B. Moore, T. Quinn and J. Stadel, Astrophysical Journal, 559, 754-84, 2001.

“Preheating the Intracluster Medium in High-Resolution Simulations: The Effect on the Gas Entropy”, with S. Borgani, F. Governato, J. Wadsley, N. Menci, P. Tozzi, T. Quinn and J. Stadel, Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 559, L71-4, 2001.
“The Metamorphosis of Tidally Stirred Dwarf Galaxies”, with L. Mayer, F. Governato, M. Colpi, B. Moore, T. Quinn, J. Wadsley and J. Stadel, Astrophysical Journal, 559, 754-84, 2001.
“Dark matter in Draco and the Local Group: Implications for direct detection experiments” with B. Moore, C. Calcaneo-Roldan, J. Stadel, T. Quiin, S. Ghigna and F. Governato; Physical Review D64, 63508, 2001.
“The effect of non--gravitational gas heating in groups and clusters of galaxies”, with S. Borgani, F. Governato, J. Wadsley, N. Menci, P. Tozzi, T. Quinn and J. Stadel, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 336, 409, 2002.
“The Formation of a Realistic Disk Galaxy in Lambda Dominated Cosmologies” with F. Governato, L. Mayer, J. Wadsley, J. P. Gardner, B. Willman, E Hayashi, T. Quinn and J. Stadel, Astrophysical Journal, 607, 688,
“Evolution of the Density Profiles of Dark Matter Haloe”s, with D. Reed, F. Governato, L. Verde, J. Gardner, T. Quinn, J. Stadel and D. Merritt, submitted to Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 357, 82, 2005.
“The Pursuit of the Whole N-chilada: Virtual Petaflops Using Multi-adaptive Algorithms for Gravitational Systems”, with T. Quinn, D. C. Richardson and J. Stadel, IBM Journal of Research and Development, in press.
“Cold Dark Matter’s Small Scale Crisis Grows Up”, with E. D’Onghia, Astrophysical Journal Letters, 612, 628, 2004.
“Dark Matter Subhaloes in Numerical Simulations”, with D. Reed, J. Gardner, T. Quinn, J. Stadel, and F. Governato, submitted to Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,

Technical Reports:

“Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics: Models, Applications, and Enabling Technologies with P. Hut, L. Hernquist, J. Makino, S. McMillan and T. Sterling, report of a workshop, held on June 18-19, 1997, at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton.
“Computational Challenges in Space and Earth Science”, report of a workshop at JPL, June 12-14, 1996, lead author with C. Goodrich, T. Prince and J. Bredekamp, this white paper is the first “vision statement” for the Digital Sky (now the National Virtual Observatory).

Conference Publications:

“Scattering of the microwave background in clusters of galaxies”, in: Objects of high redshift; Proceedings of IAU Symposium 92, (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 305-312, 1980.
“A Dynamical Test to Determine the Intrinsic Shape of Galaxies”,in Photometry, Kinematics and Dynamics of Galaxies, ed. D. Evans (Austin: Univ. Texas), 1979.
“The Stability and Masses of Disc Galaxies”, with G. Efstathiou and J. Negroponte, Monthly Notices of the Royal astronomical Society,. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 13, p.852, 1981.
“Dark Matter”, in Cosmology and Particles, eds. J. Audouze, P. Crane, T. Gaisser, D. Hegyi and J. Tran Thanh Van, 1981 (11 pages).
“Triaxiality and the Galactic Center”, with Colin Norman, in   The Galactic Center, eds. G. Riegler and R. Blandford (N. Y.: AIP), 1982 (5 pages).
“Dust and Gas in Triaxial Galaxies”, with C. Norman, IAU Symp. 100, Internal Kinematics and Dynamics of Galaxies, ed. L. Athanassoula (Dordrecht: Reidel), 1983 (2 pages).
“Acceleration of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays", with R. Pudritz, in IAU Symp. 107, Unstable Current Systems and Plasma Instabilities in Astrophysics, ed. M. R. Kundu and G. D. Holman (Dordrecht: Reidel), 1984. “Scattering of the Microwave Background in Clusters of Galaxies”, IAU Symp. 92, ed. G. Abell and P. J. E. Peebles (Dordrecht: Reidel), 1980 (10 pages).
“The Formation and Secular Evolution of Elliptical Galaxies”, I.A.U. 114, Structure and Dynamics of Elliptical Galaxies, ed. T. deZeeuw, (Dordecht, Reidel) (8 pages).
“Baryonic Dark Matter”, in Trends in Astroparticle Physics, ed. D. Cline, (New York: Oxford University Press), 10 pages, 1990.
“The Age and Formation Redshift of the Milky Way”, in Galaxy Formation, The Milky Way Perspective, ed. S. Majewski, (Salt Lake City: The Astronomical Society of the Pacific), 10 pages, 1993.
“Cosmological N-body Simulation”, American Astronomical Society 184th Meeting, Vol 26, 945, 1994.
“Cosmological N-body Simulation”, with N. Katz, T. Quiin and J. Stadel, Proceedings of the Seventh SIAM Conference on Parallel Processing for Scientific Computing, p. 307, 1995.
“Dynamical effects on galaxies in clusters”, with B. Moore and N. Katz, in IAU Symp. 171, New Light on Galaxy Evolution, edited by R. Bender and R. L. Davies, p. 203–6, 1996.
“From Sir Isaac Newton to the Sloan Survey: Calculating the Structure and Chaos Owing to Gravity in the Universe'', with T. Quinn and D. C. Richardson, Plenary Lecture published in Proceedings of the Eighth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, p. 1–8, 1997
“Parallel Gravity from the 9 Planet Problem to Billions and Billions”, with T. Quinn, D. C. Richardson and J. Stadel in High Performance Computing 1997: Grand Challenges in Computer Simulation – Proceedings of the 1997 Simulation MultiConference, p. 86–92, 1997
“The Structure and Dynamics of Cold Dark Matter Halos", with B. Moore, S. Ghigna, T. Quinn, F. Governato and J. Stadel, in Galactic Halos: A UC Santa Cruz Workshop, Edited by Dennis Zaritsky, ASP Conference Series #136, p. 426.
“The Structure and Dynamics of Cold Dark Matter Halos", with B. Moore, S. Ghigna, T. Quinn, F. Governato and J. Stadel, in Large Scale Structure: Tracks and Traces, Proc. of the 12th Potsdam Cosmology Workshop, Eds. V. Mueller, S. Gottloeber, J.P. Muecket, J. Wambsganss. (World Scientific), p. 37, 1998.
“The fate of LSB galaxies in clusters and the origin of the diffuse intra-cluster light", with Moore B., Stadel J.   & Quinn T., in The Low Surface Brightness Universe, ASP Conference Series 170, Eds.: J.I. Davies, C. Impey, and S. Phillipps, Astronomical Society of the Pacific (San Francisco), p.229, 1999.
“Galaxy Harassment—Interactions for the 90’s", with B. Moore, in Proc. of IAU 186, Galaxy Interactions at Low and High Redshift, ed. J. E. Barnes and D. B. Sanders, Kyoto Japan, p. 393.
“Bulges and Black Holes: Harassing the Hosts", with F. van den Bosch and B. Moore, in 32nd COSPAR meeting, special session on the Galaxy/AGN Connection, Nagoya, Japan, Advances in Space Research, 23, 937-948, 1998.
“Virtual Petaflops to Simulate Solar System Formation", with T. Quinn, D. C. Richardson and J. Stadel, in High Performance Computing 1999:   Proceedings of the 1999 Simulation MultiConference, 1998.
“Assessing the Limits of N-body Simulations of Clusters of Galaxies" American Astronomical Society, DDA meeting #31 (1999)/
“The Dark Matter Substructure of Clusters and Galaxies", with A. Ghigna, B. Moore, F. Governato T. Quinn, and J. Stadel, in Observational Cosmology: The Development of Galaxy Systems, Eds.: G. Giuricin, M. Mezzetti, and P. Salucci, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 176, p. 140.
“The Mass Distribution in Galaxies and Clusters”, with with S. Ghigna, B. Moore, F. Governato, T. Quinn and J. Stadel, in Gravitational Lensing: Recent Progress and Future Go, ASP Conference Proceedings, Eds.: T. Brainerd and C. Kochanek. Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 237, p. 315.
“The Metamorphosis of Satellites in the Local Group”, with L. Mayer, F. Governato, M. Colpi, B. Moore, T. Quinn and J. Stadel, in Cosmic Evolution and Galaxy Formation: Structure, Interactions, and Feedback, The 3rd Guillermo Haro Astrophysics Conference, Eds.: J. Franco, L. Terlevich, O. López-Cruz, and I. Aretxaga. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Vol. 215, p.42, 2000.

Conference Abstracts:

“A Microwave Search for Gas in Clusters of Galaxies”, with R. B. Partridge, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 8, p.354, 1976.
“Galaxy Warps and the Quest for Properties of the Unseen Halo-Preliminary Results for Three Galaxies”, with J. W-K. Mark, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 12, p.444, 1980.
“Triaxiality and the Galactic Center”, with C. Norman, CECAM 1981, p. 18, 1981.
“Regular and Irregular Motion in Some Hamiltonians of Astronomical Interest", plenary talk at APS Division of Plasma Physics, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 27, 934, 1982.
“Mass to Light Ratios of Dwarf Irregulars”, with R. A. Schommer, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 16, p.410, 1984.
“Phase Mixing in Galactic Collapse”, with L. Feinswog, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 20, p.104, 1988.
“Big Blackhole in Draco”, with N.V. Strobel, American Astronomical Society, 182nd AAS Meeting, #32.04; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 25, p.844, 1994.
“Direct Simulation of Planet Formation with a Million Planetesimals: First Results", with D. Richardson, T. Quinn & J. Stadel, in American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #30, 1997.
“Direct Simulation of Planet Formation with a Million Planetesimals: A Progress Report", with D. Richardson, T. Quinn & J. Stadel, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society,191, #128.11, 1997.

Publications–Selected Popular Scientific Articles:

“Cosmology of the Local Group”, Sky &Telescope, 84, 613, December 1992, full text.
“Understanding the Hubble Sequence”, Sky and Telescope, 83, 515, May 1992, full text.
“Galaxies, Formation", in Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics”, ed. S. Maran, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 246–8, 1991.
“Dwarfs as Massive as Giants”, OMNI, 7, 168, 1984.